Sample sociology questions and answers containing a list of probable questions most likely to come in the upcoming UGC-NET examination! This will also assist the students, teachers, Civil Services, UGC-NET, UPSC & IAS aspirants for their competitive exams!
1. Who were of the opinion that every individual has certain rights which cannot be taken away by any authority?
(a) Locke
(b) Rousseau
(c) Hobbes
(d) Montesquieu
Ans. (a)
2. Who had named ‘simple statistics’ as ‘social physics’?
(a) Auguste Comte
(b) Adolphe Quetelet
(c) Le Play
(d) Condorcet
Ans. (b)
3. Which among the following is not true? Comte, put forth a hierarchical arrangement of the sciences-
(a) in order of main historical emergence and development
(b) in order of dependence upon each other
(c) in order whether they were sciences or not
(d) in order of their decreasing degree of generality and the increasing degree of complexity
Ans. (c)
4. Who among the following had divided Sociology into two major parts, namely static and dynamic sociology?
(a) Herbert Spencer
(b) Max Weber
(c) Comte
(d) Rudolph
Ans. (c)
5. The statement-social static studies social order and social dynamic studies social change or progress in societies-is
(a) True
(b) False
(c) Partly true
(d) Can’t be said
Ans. (a)
6. In which process is the individual united with the group?
(a) Integration
(b) Socialization
(c) Cooperation
(d) Accommodation
Ans. (a)
7. When the individual stands up against the group the process is called
(a) Conflict
(b) Competition
(c) Alienation
(d) Un-socialisation
Ans. (c)
8. When the individual is ex-communicated or the membership of the group is prohibited for him/her the process is called
(a) isolation
(b) cooperation
(c) tolerance
(d) discrimination
Ans. (a)
9. The process of learning that takes place in a group situation is called
(a) Socialisation
(b) Culturisation
(c) Routinisation
(d) Acculturation
Ans. (a)
10. Whose definition is this – “Personality indicates the individuals organised tendency of working, seeing, thinking and feeling?”
(a) W. F. Green
(b) New Comb
(c) Herskovits
(d) R.E. Park
Ans. (b)
11. Who among the following practice polyandry?
(a) Hos, Todas, Nambudris
(b) Todas, Kotas, Khasas
(c) Kotas, Gonds, Moplas
(d) Nadan, Ongis, Jarwas
Ans. (b)
12. Marriage is a
(a) Folkway
(b) More
(c) Social institution
(d) Social norm
Ans. (c)
13. Which among the following is known as Sharda Act (1929)?
(a) Sati Prohibition Act
(b) Widow Remarriage Act
(c) Age of Consent Act
(d) Child Marriage Restraint Act.
Ans. (d)
14. Relatives born out through marriage ties are called
(a) Affinal kin
(b) Consanguineal kin
(c) Seconday kin
(d) Cognatics
Ans. (a)
15. Cross-cousin marriage is prevalent among
(a) Gond of M.P.
(b) Meenas of Rajasthan
(c) Bhil of M.P.
(d) Todas of Tamil Nadu
Ans. (a)
16. Rampur village study conducted by Oscar Lewis was about
(a) Caste system in Indian village
(b) Jajmani system
(c) Redistribution in village economy
(d) Agricultural production
Ans. (b)
17. A perfect market is
(a) where prices are determined by law of supply and demand
(b) where buyers and sellers meet face to face
(c) where there is no monopolistic competition
(d) where goods are not in short supply
Ans. (a)
18. Which one is a private property?
(a) Water
(b) A factory where one works
(c) The books in the neighbourhood library
(d) Copyright of a writer
Ans. (d)
19. Which among the following is untrue regarding capitalism?
(a) Capitalism has stimulated progress
(b) Capitalism has widened the gap between the employer and employee
(c) Capitalism has brought a culture without civilization
(d) Capitalism has brought a civilization without culture
Ans. (c)
20. Mark out the features of ceremonial exchange.
1. It involves sentiments
2. It is a social exchange
3. It does not involve immediate return
(a) 3 only
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans. (d)
21. Crime is absent in the villages but it is rampant in the cities because
(a) Villagers have no time to do so
(b) Villages are small and people can be caught easily
(c) The villagers are controlled by their families
(d) The villagers are fatalists and are god fearing people and they shudder at the idea of committing crimes.
Ans. (d)
22. Village settlement is found to exist in
(a) Paleolithic age
(b) Mesolithic age
(c) Neolithic age
(d) Early stone age
Ans. (c)
23. The standard of living in the villages is mostly of the same pattern, whereas it varies in the towns because
(a) There is no social disintegration in the villages
(b) There is no industries in the villages
(c) Villages are dependent upon land and the same profession creates similar standards of living
(d) From agriculture the villagers obtain the same type of economic satisfaction facing the same problems.
Ans. (d)
24. Which is not necessarily a dictatorship even though it has a single ruler?
(a) State system
(b) Band
(c) Acephalous
(d) Stateless
Ans. (a)
25. The book ‘Power Elite’ is written by
(a) C.W. Mills
(b) Pareto
(c) Mosca
(d) R. Dahl
Ans. (a)
26. According to Mahatma Gandhi, the most important part of a state is
(a) Law
(b) Society
(c) Individual
(d) Prison
Ans. (c)
27. “Man is a social animal and the state exists for the welfare of individuals in a society.” Whose view is this?
(a) Aristotle
(b) K. Marx
(c) A. Lincoln
(d) T. Roosvelt
Ans. (a)
28. According to Pareto___________ provided an example of fox type of elite.
(a) European democracies
(b) Democracy
(c) Clergy
(d) Dictatorship
Ans. (a)
29. ‘Consent’ forms the psychological basis of leadership. This is the opinion of
(a) Evans – Pritchard
(b) L. Coser
(c) R. Dahrendorf
(d) M. Weber
Ans. (a)
30. Varna system was started in the
(a) Vedic period
(b) Harappan period
(c) Pre-vedic period
(d) Medieval period
Ans. (a)
31. What aspect of inequality has been neglected by Davis and Moore?
(a) Handsomeness and beauty
(b) Power and authority
(c) Status
(d) Important positions
Ans. (b)
32. Davis and Moore Theory can be universally applied to
(a) Traditional Society
(b) Agricultural Society
(c) Industrial Society
(d) Post-industrial Society
Ans. (c)
33. Who says that inequality in post-capitalist society is based on authority-relation?
(a) K. Marx
(b) Ralph Dahrendorf
(c) C.W. Mills
(d) G. Lenski
Ans. (b)
34. Who holds that social inequality is based on the distribution of power and privilege?
(a) Ralph Dahrendorf
(b) F. Engels
(c) C.W. Mills
(d) G. Lenski
Ans. (c)
35. Which among the following statements is true according to the Marxist approach?
(a) In India caste and class stratification does not correspond
(b) In India caste and class broadly correspond
(c) In India class does not have any role to play
(d) In India caste does not have any role to play
Ans. (b)
36. The concept which Mckim Marriott put forward as the opposite of his concept of ‘universalisation’ for explaining social change in village India is
(a) Localisation
(b) Globalisation
(c) Traditionalisation
(d) Parochialisation
Ans. (d)
37. Aspiration for improvement in caste-status are common but it is not achieved unless a caste acquires
(a) Ritual purity
(b) Marriage alliances
(c) Group acceptance
(d) Power
Ans. (c)
38. A unique feature of a mobile society is that it
(a) Possesses a number of automobiles
(b) Passes through a series of changes
(c) Contains opportunities for change of class position
(d) Encourages movement from one place to another
Ans. (c)
39. Which among the following denotes positional change?
(a) Modernisation
(b) Westernisation
(c) Sanskritisation
(d) Social development
Ans. (c)
40. The Shuddhi movement for bringing back to the Hindu fold people converted to other religions from Hinduism was launched by
(a) Arya Samaj
(b) Brahmo Samaj
(c) Ram-Krishna Mission
(d) Prarthana Sabha
Ans. (a)
41. Modernisation of the Indian Society is associated with
(a) Cultural renaissance
(b) Economic development
(c) Acceptance of western life-style
(d) Changes in cognitive structure
Ans. (c)
42. Who among the following was the pioneer of the trade union movement in India?
(a) M.K. Gandhi
(b) Karl Marx
(c) B.P. Wadia
(d) S.A. Dange
Ans. (d)
43. Who among the following social anthropologists have done a field study of kachin of Burma?
(a) Evans Pritchard
(b) W.H.R. Rivers
(c) E. Leach
(d) Radcliffe Brown
Ans. (c)
44. Who was on the opinion that ‘the difference in mind between man and higher animal is great? It is, certainly one of degree and not of kind’?
(a) Herbert Spencer
(b) Charles Darwin
(c) Julian Huxlay
(d) William Wallace
Ans. (b)
45. What is the percentage of tribal population in India according to 1991 census?
(a) 7.0
(b) 7.6
(c) 7.8
(d) 15.0
Ans. (c)
46. Who among the following proposed the scheme of ‘National Parks’ with regard to Tribal development in India?
(a) Hulton
(b) G.S. Ghurye
(c) Vernier Elwin
(d) T.N. Madan
Ans. (c)
47. G.S. Ghurye described Indian tribes as a
(a) Scheduled tribes
(b) Backward Hindus
(c) Adimjatis
(d) Adimanav
Ans. (b)
48. Among the following causes of mortality, which do you attribute to society?
(a) Spread of communicable diseases
(b) High rate of capital punishment
(c) Practice of black magic
(d) Child infanticide
Ans. (d)
49. The word ‘Optimum Population’ means
(a) Maximum population size
(b) Best population size
(c) Negative growth of population
(d) High rate of fertility
Ans. (b)
50. Which among the following states has the largest population?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) West Bengal
(d) Maharashtra
Ans. (b)
51. The population of India is steadily increasing particularly in the metropolis and cities. The causes of this increase are many, therefore, the population check is most urgently required in the
(a) Metropolis
(b) Cities
(c) Towns
(d) Villages
Ans. (d)
52. Age specific birth rate is marked by
(a) The number of births annually per thousand persons of total population
(b) The number of births annually per thousand in the 15-49 child bearing ages
(c) The number of children born per thousand women in specific age class, say 30-34 years of age
(d) Children of a particular age group say 5-9 or 9-14 years.
Ans. (c)
53. Which among the following is an unconscious method of population control?
(a) Using contraceptives
(b) Limiting the size of family
(c) Social legislations prohibiting marriage before attaining a certain age
(d) Taboos on sexual intercourse
Ans. (d)
54. According to the theory of demographic transaction, in the pre-transitional stage
(a) Both death rates and the birth rates are high
(b) Death rate is low but birth rate is high
(c) Death rate is high but birth is low
(d) Both death rate and birth rates are low
Ans. (a)
55. Which of the following state accounts for the minimum number of scheduled caste population?
(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Mizoram
(c) Meghalaya
(d) Tripura
Ans. (b)
56. Who has observed this?
“The Mahar were the first people to serve the British officers and their wives as butlers, butchers and ayah and being a beef-eating group, the Mahar did not mind working for the foreign, beef eating master.”
(a) Sunanda Patwardhan
(b) M.N. Srinivas
(c) Irawati Karve
(d) Pauline Kolenda
Ans. (a)
57. Who laid emphasis on horizontal mobilisation of the scheduled castes and made them a political force to reckon with?
(a) M.K. Gandhi
(b) B.R. Ambedkar
(c) Jyotiba Phule
(d) Narayana Guru
Ans. (b)
58. Who set up the Scheduled Caste Federation in 1942?
(a) B.R. Ambedkar
(b) M.K. Gandhi
(c) Jyotiba Phule
(d) Jagjiwan Ram
Ans. (a)
59. Who wanted the Harijans to be integrated into the Hindu society and tried to raise the consciousness of the upper castes through a country wide campaign against untouchability and other constructive work?
(a) E. Ramaswami Naicar
(b) M.K. Gandhi
(c) Jyotiba Phule
(d) B.R. Ambedkar
Ans. (b)
60. Which Article deals with this?
The state has given the responsibility to promote the educational and economic interests of the scheduled castes and protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.
(a) 46
(b) 16
(c) 335
(d) 330
Ans. (a)
61. The basic characteristic of social living is
(a) cooperation
(b) competition
(c) conflict
(d) consensus
Ans. (d)
62. ‘Culture is man-made part of the environment.’ Who said this?
(a) Kroeber
(b) Tylor
(c) Malinowski
(d) none
Ans. (a)
63. A collectivity of people of a distinct nature in terms of race, descent and culture is referred to as
(a) Race
(b) Ethnicity
(c) Society
(d) Commune
Ans. (b)
64. ‘Primordial collectivities’ is another name given to
(a) cultural units
(b) ethnic groups
(c) religious communities
(d) tribal groups
Ans. (b)
65. A Hindu ethic consisting of the principles of samsara (belief in the transmigration of souls) and karma (doctrine of compensation) was first mentioned by
(a) Karl Marx
(b) Max Weber
(c) Herbert Risely
(d) Hutton
Ans. (b)
66. In sociology, who for the first time emphasised social action as the basis for theory?
(a) Talcott Parsons
(b) R.K. Merton
(c) Max Weber
(d) None
Ans. (c)
67. The term wastage is used to devote that:
(a) Children leave schools before they complete the prescribed age or class in education
(b) A lot of amount meant for school education is wasted by authorities
(c) Children have to waste a lot on materials other than prescribed books for study.
(d) Most rural parents think it a waste of time for their children to attend schools.
Ans. (c)
68. Studying the social status of a population a researcher concluded that Mr. X is socially backward. His conclusion is:
(a) wrong
(b) biased
(c) inaccurate
(d) right
Ans. (c)
69. The population census will have the primary data from:
(a) Registrar General and Census Commissioner
(b) Gram panchayats
(c) Municipalities
(d) None of the above
Ans. (a)
70. Consider the following statements: According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India, a tribe is a:
1. collection of families with a common name
2. community using ancient means of production
3. community speaking a common dialect.
4. community which is usually exogamous.
5. community occupying a common territory.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(A) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(B) 2, 3 and 4
(C) 1, 2 and 5
(D) 1, 3 and 5
Ans. (D)
71. The characteristics of peasant societies outlined by Theodore Shanin are:
1. The peasant family farm is the basic unit of a multi-dimensional social organisation.
2. Land husbandry is the main means of livelihood, directly providing the major part of the consumption needs.
3. Specific traditional culture is related to the way of life of small communities
4. The peasants have the underdog position domination of peasants by others.
(A) 1 only
(B) 1, 2 only
(C) 1, 2 and 3
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans. (D)
72. Who has named his approach as ‘Marxiology’ approach to understand culture and personality in Indian context?
(A) Radhakamal Mukherjee
(B) G. S. Ghurye
(C) M. N. Srinivas
(D) D. P. Mukherjee
Ans. (C)
73. Which one of the following sociological concepts is most closely related to social inequality?
(A) Social Stratification
(B) Social Differentiation
(D) Social Control
Ans. (B)
74. The ‘looking glass self’ means that we learn who we are:
(A) by self-feeling
(B) by an act of imitation
(C) by other people’s experience with us
(D) by imagining ourselves to be someone else
Ans. (C)
75. The ‘super ego’ according to Freud represents the part of an individual’s personality that was created:
(A) through socialization during the formative years.
(B) through socialization in the old age.
(C) through socialization process which occurs throughout one’s life.
(D) none of the above
Ans. (A)
76. Most of all, sociological study aims at:
(a) Evolution of ethical code
(b) Social reform
(c) Finding solutions to social problems
(d) Knowledge about human social life
Ans. (d)
77. A sociologist studies:
(a) All aspects of human life
(b) Social aspects of human life
(c) Evolutionary aspects of human life
(d) Functional aspects of human life
Ans. (b)
78. A sociologist is:
(a) A reformer
(b) A revolutionary
(c) An objective inquirer
(d) A preacher
Ans. (c)
79. Who gave the definition, “Sociology is the science of collective behaviour”?
(a) Cuber
(b) Maclver
(c) Burgess
(d) Kimball Young
Ans. (c)
80. Who gave the definition, “Sociology deals with the behaviour of man in groups”?
(a) Simmel
(b) Tonnies
(c) Kimball Young
(d) Maclver
Ans. (c)
81. Sociality is a_________ and socialization is a___________.
(a) Quality, Process
(b) Principle, Biological Inheritance
(c) Cultural process, Virtue
(d) None of the above
Ans. (a)
82. ________ is the process of communicating information which has no logical or self-evident basis.
(a) Suggestion
(b) Imitation
(c) Transculturation
(d) Accommodation
Ans. (a)
83. Which one of the following is not the cause of individual’s defying society?
(a) Social investigations are never complete
(b) There are social maladjustments
(c) There are social exploitations
(d) There are no social jealousies
Ans. (d)
84. Who of the following has stressed that social institutions come into existence when material and non-material cultures are elaborated around fundamental human functions?
(a) Gillin and Gillin
(b) Maclver
(c) Ogbum
(d) None of the above
Ans. (c)
85. Who of the following is of the view that in sociological parlance an institution is not of folkways and mores?
(a) Ginsberg
(b) H.E. Barnes
(c) Maxwell
(d) Gillin and Gillin
Ans. (c)
86. _______ has classified groups into in-group and outgroup.
(a) Cooley
(b) Sumner
(c) Kingsley Davis
(d) Simmel
Ans. (b)
87. The classification of group into Primary and Secondary group has been done by —
(a) Cooley
(b) Tonnies
(c) Sumner
(d) Maclver
Ans. (a)
88. Ethnocentrism:
(a) Is opposed to patriotism
(b) Is near patriotism
(c) Has nothing to do with patriotism
(d) Is symbol of world culture
Ans. (b)
89. A person is evaluated to high ______ if he receives rewards which others have not.
(a) Prestige
(b) Status
(c) Esteem
(d) Position
Ans. (b)
90. According to Parsons in which action the emphasis is on organisation of the flow of gratification-
(a) expressive action
(b) cathectic action
(c) moral action
(d) sexual action
Ans. (a)
91. Deviation from norms means:
(a) unwillingness of the members to follow certain norms
(b) the phenomenon which explains that a member’s behaviour is not giving away the behaviour expected from them
(c) repulsion of the norms from the behaviour of a member
(d) members incapacity to follow certain norms
Ans. (b)
92. Who believed that strict adherence to the norms of society itself produces a type of deviance?
(a) Robert K. Merton
(b) Robin M. Williams
(c) Durkheim
(d) Maclver
Ans. (d)
93. The “____ man” was the perfect combination of personality characteristics in a theory devised by W.I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki.
(a) Imaginative
(b) Mechanistic
(c) Creative
(d) Utopian
Ans. (c)
94. _____ in the “struggle for survival”.
(a) Parasites
(b) Dropouts
(c) Escapists
(d) Failures
Ans. (b)
95. Which of the statements is correct?
(a) Definitions of deviance change over time
(b) Definitions of deviance never change
(c) Deviance is not culturally determined
(d) Deviance is non-relative
Ans. (a)
96. Who among the following says that socialization the process by which the child acquires a cultural content, along with selfhood and personality?
(a) A.W. Green
(b) Maclver
(c) Ogbum
(d) H.T. Mazumdar
Ans. (a)
97. Socialization process takes places in human beings-
(a) during whole life time
(b) during young age
(c) during childhood
(d) during adulthood
Ans. (a)
98. “Competition is the striving of two or more persons for the same goal which is limited so that all can share it.” This definition has been given by-
(a) Bogardus
(b) Max Weber
(c) Maclver
(d) Biesanz and Biesanz
Ans. (d)
99. “Competition is a correct method to obtain something which does not exist in a quality sufficient to meet the demand.” Who of the following gave this definition?
(a) Bogardus
(b) Sutherland
(c) Durkheim
(d) Tonnies
Ans. (a)
100. Polyandry is likely to be common in a society where-
(a) male population equals female population
(b) male population is less than female population
(c) male population is more than female population
(d) none of the above
Ans. (c)
101. Find out the incorrect match-
(a) Probationary marriage – Kuki tribe
(b) Ho – Oportipi
(c) Anader – Gond
(d) Marriage by trial – Bhil
Ans. (c)
102. The youngest daughter called __________ in a Khasi family is in charge of the family religion and gets the lion’s share of the family property.
(a) Nokna
(b) Kakhadduh
(c) Heir apparent
(d) Delingson
Ans. (b)
103. Problem of inheritance is acute in-
(a) extended family system
(b) conjugal family system
(c) neolocal family system
(d) nuclear family system
Ans. (c)
104. The two phratries, viz. Tartharol and Teivaliol, are found among-
(a) Todas
(b) Melanesian tribes
(c) Nuers
(d) Kadars
Ans. (a)
105. In popular Hindi ________ is a classificatory term.
(a) samadhin
(b) tab
(c) chacha
(d) ami
Ans. (a)
106. The relatives connected through blood ties are called___________.
(a) affinal kin
(b) consanguineal kin
(c) tertiary kin
(d) agnates
Ans. (b)
107. Find out the incorrect match-
(a) Unilinear con-anguineal kingroup – clan
(b) Clan – Exogamy
(c) Unilateral descent – kindred
(d) Matri-patrilocal residence – Murdock
Ans. (c)
108. Ain’t I a Woman?’ which emphasized the plight of black women, is written by:
(a) Sojourner Truth
(b) Angela Davis
(c) Anna Julia Cooper
(d) Kathleen Cleaver
Ans. (a)
109. Which ideological movement emerged as a response to the large-scale destruction of environment and the subsequent impact on women?
(a) Euphemism
(b) Ecofeminism
(c) Androcentricism
(d) Existential Feminism
Ans. (b)
120. SABLA scheme focuses on-
(a) Destitute women
(b) Adolescent girls
(c) Maternity benefits
(d) Victims of commercial sexual exploitation
Ans. (b)
121. The first Indian woman boxer to clinch gold medal at the Asian Games 2014 is-
(a) Laishram Sarita Devi
(b) Aruna Mishra
(c) Mary Kom
(d) Sarjubala Devi
Ans. (c)
122. Subjective class concept locates individuals in the stratification hierarchy according to judgments of-
(a) analyst
(b) society
(c) individual himself
(d) community
Ans. (c)
123. According to Weber, the status order tends to be-
(a) universalistic and achievement oriented
(b) particularistic and ascriptive
(c) particularistic and achievement oriented
(d) universalistic and ascriptive
Ans. (b)
124. According to Weber, as the division of labour becomes more complex, class-
(a) becomes more advanced
(b) becomes more heterogeneous
(c) remain essentially the same
(d) none of the above
Ans. (b)
125. _________ constitutes the primary model of the estate system.
(a) Medieval European feudal society
(b) Spanish society
(c) Ancient Greek Society
(d) Medieval Indian Society
Ans. (a)
126. The members of an agrarian society exhibit a strong _________ feeling.
(a) communal
(b) nationalistic
(c) in-group
(d) out-group
Ans. (c)
127. Trade union is a feature of _____________ society.
(a) agrarian
(b) tribal
(c) pre-literate
(d) industrial
Ans. (d)
128. In an agrarian society, family is a/an _________ unit.
(a) consumption
(b) economic
(c) religious
(d) political
Ans. (b)
129. The action of a manager who wishes to increase productivity is called ___________ action.
(a) emotional
(b) traditional
(c) corporate
(d) rational
Ans. (a)
130.___________ is a price setting mechanism and is characterised by bargaining behaviour.
(a) Reciprocity
(b) Potlatch
(c) Market exchange
(d) Capitalism
Ans. (c)
131. Kula exchange system is a classic example of-
(a) redistribution
(b) negative reciprocity
(c) reciprocity
(d) tribal market exchange
Ans. (c)
132. In __________ society, the notion of property is closely related to display and expenditure of wealth rather than to its accumulation.
(a) primitive
(b) modern
(c) communist
(d) industrial
Ans. (a)
133. ____________ consists of ordering and organization of human relations and human effort in order to procure as many necessities of day to day life as possible with the expenditure of minimum effort.
(a) Economic organisation
(b) Political organisation
(c) Production
(d) Means of production
Ans. (a)
134. Which one of the following is a feature of Indian village community?
(a) The people are literate
(b) The people are God fearing
(c) The people are politically conscious
(d) The people are less orthodox
Ans. (b)
135. Which one of the following is NOT a feature of Indian village community?
(a) Orthodoxy
(b) Lack of scientific approach
(c) Superstition
(d) Widespread literacy
Ans. (d)
136. In India an urban area is treated as one which has a population of more than:
(a) 7500
(b) 10000
(c) 12500
(d) 15000
Ans. (b)
137. The larger the city the greater is the-
(a) specialization
(b) religious sanction
(c) jajmani system
(d) incidence of joint family
Ans. (a)
138. Who wrote ‘First Essay on Population’?
(a) Malthus
(b) Marx
(c) Thompson
(d) Doubleday
Ans. a
139. Malthus believed that___________
(a) population when unchecked, increases in geometrical ratio, subsistence increases only in an arithmetical ratio
(b) population when unchecked, increases in an arithmetical ratio, subsistence increases in geometric ratio
(c) population, when unchecked increases in geometrical ratio, subsistence increases four times
(d) none of above
Ans. a
140.____________ is the ratio of the total registered deaths of a specified year to the total mid-year populations, multiplied by 1000
(a) Crude birth rate
(b) Crude death rate
(c) General death rate
(d) Infant mortality
Ans. b
141. Who of the following believed that increase in population in many cases helped in the progress and growth of human society and civilisation?
(a) A. Dumont
(b) Frank Fetter
(c) F.S. Nitti
(d) U. Sternberg
Ans. c
142. According to Pareto________ type of elite achieve power because of their ability to take direct and incisive action and tend to rule by force
(a) lions
(b) foxes
(c) tigers
(d) stable
Ans. a
143. Find out the incorrect match
(a) Pareto: Lions and foxes elites
(b) Marx: Power elite
(c) Weber: Legal, traditional and charismatic authority
(d) Evans Pritchard: study of Nuers of Sudan
Ans. b
144.__________ is institutionalized and involves the right to take certain actions, including decisions to issue commands
(a) Authority
(b) Force
(c) Power
(d) Economy
Ans. a
145. In the past foremost duty of the ruler used to be to
(a) promote religion
(b) promote welfare of the people
(c) undertake public works activities
(d) increase agricultural production
Ans. a
146. Under the constitution the President shall include a caste in the schedule on the recommendation of:
(a) State Legislature
(b) Parliament
(c) Governor
(d) Chief Justice of India
Ans. c
147. Which of the following is NOT one of the constitutional safeguards for the people of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes?
(a) That all shall be provided higher education
(b) That all shall get admission in any part of the country
(c) That all shall be sent abroad for higher studies
(d) That there will be no discrimination for admission to any public educational institution
Ans. d
148. Power to include or exclude a caste from the schedule has been given under our constitution to the:
(a) President
(b) State Governor
(c) State Legislature
(d) Parliament
Ans. d
149. Which of the following Art. of the constitution deals with reservation of seats for the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes in the House of the people?
(a) Art. 330
(b) Art. 331
(c) Art. 332
(d) Art. 333
Ans. a
150. The basic assumption of the evolutionary approach is that –
(a) Societies change
(b) Complex forms develops out of similar ones
(c) Barbaric forms develop into civilized forms
(d) Fossil records prove that complex forms develop out of simpler ones.
Ans. (b)
151. The difference between a natural change and a telic change is that
(a) Natural change is the change we notice in nature while telic change is the product of change we notice in human society.
(b) Natural change is the change that occurs without attention while telic change is the product of human direction.
(c) Natural change is the geographic change while telic change is the social change
(d) Natural change is the change that occurs with human attention while telic change occurs without human attention.
Ans. (b)
152. Who founded the positive movement?
(a) Woodwards
(b) E.S. Bogardus
(c) A. Comte
(d) Bresanz
Ans. (d)
153. Who among the following has used the concept of social development in place of evolution?
(a) Darwin
(b) Sorokin
(c) Ogburn
(d) Hobhouse
Ans. (d)
154. Which of the following is not a familial institution?
(a) Marriage
(b) Family
(c) Variability of structure
(d) Kinship of society
Ans. (c)
155. Which of the following is an economic institution?
(a) Division of Labour
(b) Price-level
(c) Standard of living
(d) Economic structure
Ans. (a)
156. Which of the following is a political Institution?
(a) State
(b) Political Parties
(c) Idealism
(d) Individualism
Ans. (a)
157. A political institution means:
(a) The institution which gives education of politics
(b) The institution which is based on certain political ideas
(c) The institution owned by some political party
(d) The institution which looks after the political affairs of the individuals
Ans. (d)
158. Which of the following is an institution?
(a) Family
(b) Leadership
(c) Social Movements
(d) Environment
Ans. (a)
159. Group is a________ society is a system of relationship.
(a) Collection of human beings
(b) Structure
(c) Functional relationship
(d) None of the above
Ans. (a)
160. Society is marked by—
(a) co-operation
(b) conflict
(c) acculturation
(d) co-operation and conflict
Ans. (d)